rival

英['raɪvl] 美['raɪvl]

反义词ally

复数: rivals;第三人称单数: rivals;过去式: rivalled;过去分词: rivalled;现在分词: rivalling;

1. 河流的两岸 => 对峙、敌手、对手 => 就像撕裂的东西而形成的对峙。
2. 同源：river, rival, rive, ...

rival 竞争者

来自拉丁语 rivalis,邻居，对手，竞争者，来自 rivus,溪流，河谷，来自 PIE*reie,流动，流水，奔跑，词源同 run,Rhine.

rival: rival: [16] A rival is etymologically ‘someone who uses the same stream as another’. The word comes from Latin rīvālis, a noun use of an adjective meaning ‘of a stream’, derived from rīvus ‘stream’ (source of English derive). People who use or live by the same stream are neighbours and hence, human nature being as it is, are usually in competition with each other – hence rival.
=> derive
rival (n.): 1570s, from Latin rivalis "a rival, adversary in love; neighbor," originally, "of the same brook," from rivus "brook" (see rivulet). "One who is in pursuit of the same object as another." The sense evolution seems to be based on the competitiveness of neighbors: "one who uses the same stream," or "one on the opposite side of the stream" A secondary sense in Latin and sometimes in English was "associate, companion in duty," from the notion of "one having a common right or privilege with another." As an adjective 1580s from the noun.
rival (v.): c. 1600, from rival (n.). Related: Rivaled; rivaling.

1. Leaders of some rival factions signed a peace agreement last week.: 上周，一些敌对派系领导人签订了和平协议。

2. The national tragedy of rival groups killing each other continued throughout 1990.: 敌对派别相互残杀的国家悲剧1990年全年都在上演。

4. That would make the competition between rival suppliers even deadlier.: 那将使得对立供应商之间的竞争更加你死我活。

5. Violent scuffles broke out between rival groups demonstrating for and against independence.: 支持和反对独立的两支游行队伍间爆发了激烈的冲突。