subject

• n. 主题；科目；[语] 主语；国民
• adj. 服从的；易患…的；受制于…的
• vt. 使…隶属；使屈从于…

词态变化

助记提示

中文词源

sub-,在下，-ject,投掷，扔，词源同 project,projectile.字面意思即扔在下面，引申词义被制服， 被控制，国民，臣民。后引申词义扔在下面，构成基础，主题，题目等。

英文词源

subject

subject: [14] To subject something is etymologically to ‘throw it under’. The verb comes via Old French subjecter from Latin sujectāre, which was formed from subjectus, the past participle of Latin subicere ‘bring down’. This in turn was a compound verb formed from the prefix sub- ‘under’ and jacere ‘throw’ (source also of English abject [15], adjacent, adjective, conjecture, dejected [15], inject [17], jet, jettison, jetty, reject [15], etc).

The noun subject, which also came from Latin subjectus, originally denoted a person ‘subjected’ to the control of another (as in ‘the Queen’s subjects’). The most salient modern sense, ‘topic’, comes ultimately from the notion of ‘that which is operated on by something else’.
=> abject, adjacent, adjective, conjecture, dejected, inject, jet, jettison, jetty, object, reject

subject (n.)

early 14c., "person under control or dominion of another," specifically a government or ruler, from Old French sogit, suget, subget "a subject person or thing" (12c., Modern French sujet), from noun use of Latin subiectus "lying under, below, near bordering on," figuratively "subjected, subdued," past participle of subicere, subiicere "to place under, throw under, bind under; to make subject, subordinate," from sub "under" (see sub-) + combining form of iacere "to throw" (see jet (v.)). In 14c., sugges, sogetis, subgit, sugette; form re-Latinized in English 16c.

Meaning "person or thing regarded as recipient of action, one that may be acted upon" is recorded from 1590s. Grammatical sense is recorded from 1630s, from Latin subjectum "grammatical subject," noun use of the neuter of the Latin past participle. Likewise some restricted uses in logic and philosophy are borrowed directly from Latin subjectum as "foundation or subject of a proposition," a loan-translation of Aristotle's to hypokeimenon. Meaning "subject matter of an art or science" is attested from 1540s, probably short for subject matter (late 14c.), which is from Medieval Latin subjecta materia, a loan translation of Greek hypokeimene hyle (Aristotle), literally "that which lies beneath."

subject (v.)

late 14c., "to make (a person or nation) subject to another by force," also "to render submissive or dependent," from Medieval Latin subiectare "place beneath," frequentative of Latin subicere "to make subject, subordinate" (see subject (n.)). Meaning "to lay open or expose to (some force or occurrence)" is recorded from early 15c. (implied in subjected). Related: Subjecting.

subject (adj.)

early 14c., from Old French suget, subject (Modern French sujet), from Latin subiectus (see subject (n.)).

双语例句

1. In the car she reverted to the subject uppermost in her mind.

在车里，她又提起了她最关心的话题。

来自柯林斯例句

2. The empirical evidence considered here is subject to many qualifications.

此处提及的实验证据有诸多限制条件。

来自柯林斯例句

3. The drama takes an idealistic, even a naive view of the subject.

这部戏在对待这一主题上有些理想化，甚至是天真。

来自柯林斯例句

4. All through lunch he had carefully avoided the subject of the house.

整个午饭期间，他一直在小心翼翼地回避房子的话题。

来自柯林斯例句

5. The subject came up during a pre-dinner drink with our guests.

在与客人喝餐前酒的时候，有人提到了这个话题。

来自柯林斯例句