exploit

• vt. 开发，开拓；剥削；开采
• n. 勋绩；功绩

词态变化

中文词源

ex-, 向外。-ploit, 卷，词源同imply, implicate. 即展开，结果，功绩。后在19世纪初由于法国空想社会主义者，尤其是圣西门用该词指剥削，压榨，使得这一词义广泛传播。

英文词源

exploit

exploit: [14] Latin explicāre (source of English explicate and explicit) meant ‘unfold’. A Vulgar Latin descendant of its past participle was *explictum ‘something unfolded’, which passed into Old French as exploit or esplait. In the process, the original sense of ‘unfolding’ had developed through ‘bringing out, development’ and ‘advantage, success’ to ‘achievement’.

In the case of the English noun, it is the latter meaning which has survived, and in fact originally the verb too denoted ‘achieve, accomplish’. This seems to have died out in the 18th century, however, and when the verb reappears in the 19th century it is closer to the earlier ‘develop’ in meaning, particularly as applied to ‘getting the most out of’ natural resources. The modern derogatory sense ‘use for one’s own selfish ends’ emerged from this.
=> explicit, fold, ply

exploit (n.)

late 14c., "outcome of an action," from Old French esploit "a carrying out; achievement, result; gain, advantage" (12c., Modern French exploit), a very common word, used in senses of "action, deed, profit, achievement," from Latin explicitum "a thing settled, ended, or displayed," noun use of neuter of explicitus, past participle of explicare "unfold, unroll, disentangle" (see explicit).

Meaning "feat, achievement" is c. 1400. Sense evolution is from "unfolding" to "bringing out" to "having advantage" to "achievement." Related: Exploits.

exploit (v.)

c. 1400, espleiten, esploiten "to accomplish, achieve, fulfill," from Old French esploitier, espleiter "carry out, perform, accomplish," from esploit (see exploit (n.)). The sense of "use selfishly" first recorded 1838, from a sense development in French perhaps from use of the word with reference to mines, etc. (compare exploitation). Related: Exploited; exploiting.

双语例句

1. I even began to exploit him in subtle ways.

我甚至开始巧妙地利用他。

来自柯林斯例句

2. What the media should not do is to exploit people's natural fears.

媒体不应该利用人们天生的恐惧心理。

来自柯林斯例句

3. Cary is hoping to exploit new opportunities in Europe.

卡里希望好好利用欧洲的新机遇。

来自柯林斯例句

4. You'll need a good aerial to exploit the radio's performance.

你需要弄个好天线来发挥广播的性能。

来自柯林斯例句

5. Many countries exploit oil under the sea.

许多国家在海底开采石油.

来自《简明英汉词典》